Comparison of the Ethical Theories of Kant, Bentham and Mill

This paper intends to look into the theory of ethics of Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and compare them from one another. In addition to that, it also aims to mention the uncertainty which have arisen as I tackled these theories.Immanuel Kant’s Theory of Ethics: FormalismAccording to Immanuel Kant’s Theory of Ethics, a deed is right if the acts involved in the progression are also right (Thomson Gale, 2008, n.p.). Simply put, â€Å"the end is only just if the means are as well† (Thomson Gale, 2008, n.p.).Jeremy Bentham’s Theory of Ethics: Ethical UniversalismAccording to Jeremy Bentham, his theory of ethics otherwise known as â€Å"ethical or moral universalism† is instituted upon â€Å"utility† which he categorically defines as â€Å"that property in any object, whereby it ends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness to the party whose i nterest is considered† (Bentham, 1948, p. 126). In turn, the aforesaid concept of â€Å"universalism† is established by looking into the following hypotheses/assertions/principles:1)Jeremy Bentham asserts that the following terminologies: â€Å"a) pleasure; b) happiness; c) goodness; d) benefit; e) advantage; 5) etcetera† are of the same value so to speak (Germino, 1972, pp. 235 – 236);2)Jeremy Bentham reiterates that the following terminologies: â€Å"a) pleasure; b) happiness; c) goodness; d) benefit; e) advantage; 5) etcetera† are actually gauged, thus, calculable and irrefutable as well (Germino, 1972, pp. 235 – 236);3)Jeremy Bentham argues that an individual’s act, as well as, the actions of the government ought to be founded or rooted upon the imperative which actually takes complete advantage of gratification and dwindles pain (Germino, 1972, pp. 235 – 236); and that4)Finally, â€Å"it is the greatest happiness of the gr eatest number that is the measure of right and wrong of human action in every situation, and in particular when governmental action is called for† (Germino, 1972, pp. 235 – 236).John Stuart Mill’s Theory of Ethics: Utilitarianismâ€Å"Utilitarianism†, according to John Stuart Mill, is where morals/ethics/good deeds are based/founded/instituted upon (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 1991, p. 580). The reason behind this claim is that, deeds are only correct or proper if and only if the at the end of it happiness is achieved/felt and wrong or improper if and only if at the closing stage of the deed wretchedness   is reached (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 1991, p. 580).That being said, happiness for John Stuart Mill is equivalent to the absence of unhappiness or any kind of negative emotion (Germino, 1972, p. 240). While, wretchedness for him, is when the occurrence of pain/ache/hurt is present at the finish of a certain deed (Germino 1972, p. 240).ComparisonImmanuel Kantâ €™s theory of ethics is known as formalism, while that of Jeremy Bentham’s is known as ethical universalism, and that of John Stuart Mill is that of Utilitarianism which differ from each other a little since Kant reiterates that an act is good only if the process utilized to reach that is ethical as well; while Bentham is based on the number of people going to benefit happiness from; on the other hand, Mill states that an act is right if one ends up being happy (Germino, 1972, p. 240).Confusion/Uncertainty which have ArisenThere is a certain concept that is a little confusing, for instance, why is it that the number of population achieving happiness is important to Bentham when it should be enough that an individual becomes happy due to an ethical act being carried out (Germino, 1972, p. 240)? It gets confusing because instead of focusing on the quality of happiness, the ethical theories were focused on the quantity (Germino, 1972, p. 240).ReferencesEbenstein, W. and Eben stein, A. (1991). Great Political Thinkers: Plato to the President.Forth Worth: Harcourt BraceGermino, D. (1972). Machiavelli to Marx: Modern Western Political Thought. Chicago:University of Chicago Press:

Poverty in Latin America Essay

This paper will discuss the poverty in Latin America. Latin America has always been in poverty and although there have been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the region that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and history of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the areas of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail. These areas include Mexico, most of Central and South America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Brazil. Latin America can be subdivided into different regions, such as North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. (Wikipedia, Retrieved 2010). Latin America consists of many different ethnic backgrounds and races. It is one of the most diverse regions in the world. Some of the predominant races/backgrounds include European-Amerindians (Mestizo), Amerindians, European, Mulatto, Black, Asian and Zambo (mixed Black and Amerindian). Latin America continues to be challenged by inequality and poverty. Poverty is defined as, â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. † (Merriam-Webster, Retrieved 2010). According to the World Bank, nearly 25% of the population of Latin America lives on less than $2. 00 a day. At least 182 million people are living in poverty in Latin America and at least 68 million people are living in extreme poverty. Poverty is defined as living on less than $2. 15 per person per day and extreme poverty as living on less than $1. 08 per person per day. â€Å"The poverty rate in Latin America was halved from 60% in 1950 to less than 30% in 2000. However, during the same time period income inequality remained more or less the same, making both poverty reduction and economic growth more difficult; as in other countries with a wide income gap—even developed ones—the challenge is to increase the incomes of the lower economic groups at a faster rate than those of the wealthier groups. In reality, economic growth rarely works this way. Latin American income inequality is drastic: the average annual per capita income is $4,000, but the region is home to many millionaires and billionaires. The fourth richest person in the world, Carlos Slim, whose worth was estimated at $23. 8 billion in 2005, is Mexican. † (Poverty in the Developing World, Retrieved 2010). Articles state, however, that these numbers are deceiving in that rising above the official poverty rate by a few cents or even a dollar does not mean you are any better off. People in this situation are still impoverished and are living in a way that they are unable to provide for themselves much less their family, if any. Certain areas in Latin America are worse than others. Bolivia has the highest poverty and inequality rate. Haiti is just behind Bolivia. Following Haiti are Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Panama, Nicaragua, Uruguay and Mexico. Many of these countries have responded to poverty by implementing new or modifying old social assistance programs. Social assistance programs are programs developed to assist the poor. The main aspects of the current social assistance programs are (1) conditional cash transfer, which is where cash is transferred directly into the household based on certain conditions, such as children attending school and doctor visits; (2) the household; (3) targeting the poorest; and (4) being multidimensional in that they are able to assist many dimensions of poverty at once. The future of Latin America is vague and unknown. Latin America has consistently been impoverished but the percentage fluctuates. Many programs are available to the public in order to help Latin America and the people thereof. I believe the people themselves and the entire dynamic of Latin America will need to change before the poverty levels change significantly. Donations and charities may help but they will only scratch the surface. The issues of Latin America are deep and need to be dug up and dealt with by the people of Latin America. In conclusion, we see that this is a current problem that is steadily being addressed and researched. Latin America needs help and resources in order to come out of poverty. They also must make changes within their own system so that the help can be well received and utilized to the fullest.

Empirical Formula Lab Report Essay

INTRODUCTION John Dalton’s atomic theory states that elements combine in simple numerical ratios to form compounds. A compound, no matter how it is formed, always contains the same elements in the same proportion by weight. The law of mass conservation states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed. In this experiment, the mass of the metal was not destroyed or created; the metal’s mass was simply changed into a compound form once the gas reacted to it. The net mass of the reactant side of the equation and the product side of the equation should be equal if the experiment is done correctly. The molecular formula represents the number of all elements in a compound. The empirical is the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in that compound. Combustion reactions always involve oxygen and are almost always exothermic. Exothermic reactions give off energy in heat form. The purpose of this experiment is to find the empirical formula of a compound using whole numbers. To investigate this experiment, the masses of the metal and gas were measured to obtain the empirical formula of the compound. PROCEDURE Before starting the experiment, the materials needed were gathered: crucible and lid, Bunsen burner, deionized or distilled water, striker, magnesium ribbon, sandpaper (if needed), clay triangle, wire pad, crucible tongs, electronic scale, ring clamp, experiment stand, paper to record data. Two of each necessary material was gathered in order to conduct two trials at once. To prepare for the experiment, the ring clamp was attached to the stand at about 2/3s the way up the stand. The crucible and lid were rinsed with water, dried, and then placed on a clay triangle. The Bunsen burner was hooked up to the gas line and the gas was turned on. The fire was started with the striker and the flame was adjusted to the height of the ring clamp. The crucible and lid were heated gently for 4-6 minutes until the bottom of the crucible became red. The flame was intensified and the crucible and lid were heated for another 10-12 minutes. The crucible and lid were allowed to cool on the wire pad. The mass of the cooled crucible and lid was recorded using the electronic scale. This procedure was repeated once more for each trial. In each trial, the ribbon was placed into the crucible and the lid was placed over it. The mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium was recorded. The crucible containing the magnesium was heated gently for 2-3 minutes. The heat was gradually intensified and heated for another 2-3 minutes. One side of the lid was lifted with the crucible tongs to allow the oxygen inside. The metal started glowing. The crucible, lid and compound were heated for another 3 minutes. The metal was checked periodically until no more glowing was observed. The crucible was then removed from heat and then cooled on the wire pad. 3 drops of deionized water was added to the cooled compound. The crucible was reheated with the lid partially off, allowing the water vapor to escape. The sample was heated slowly and then the heat was intensified for 15-17 minutes. The crucible, lid and compound were allowed to cool on the wire pad. The mass of the crucible, lid and compound was recorded. The sample was reheated for an extra 5 minutes, then the combined mass of the crucible, lid and metal oxide was measured. The metal oxide was disposed of in the proper marked contained and the crucible was cleaned of any residue and rinsed with deionized water. RESULTS Units Trial 1 Trial 2 Before Heating g 23.860 After 1st Heating g 21.383 23.859 After 2nd Heating g 21.385 Mass of Crucible, Lid and Metal g 21.575 24.054 Mass of Metal g 0.190 0.195 Mass of Crucible, Lid and Metal Oxide after 1st heating g 21.646 24.174 2nd Heating Mass Measurement g 21.648 24.174 Mass of Metal Oxide g 0.263 0.315 Number of Moles of Metal in the Compound mol 0.00782 0.00802 Mass of Oxygen in Compound g 0.0730 0.120 Number of Moles of Oxygen in the Compound mol 0.00456 0.00750 Simplest Whole Number Ratio of Oxygen to Metal 3:5 14:15 Empirical Formula for the Compound using Whole Numbers Mg5O3 Mg14O13 DISCUSSION In order to have magnesium oxide, MgO, the magnesium strip had to be heated. Under normal circumstances, room temperature, magnesium metal, Mg, reacts very slowly with the oxygen, O, in the air. However, as magnesium is heated, it reacts quicker with the oxygen and burns with a white light to produce MgO. To protect others from the smoke, containing Magnesium Oxide, the crucible had to remain covered. Some magnesium oxide escaped, when the crucible was not covered. The crucible had to be slightly ajar when heating up the magnesium, so that oxygen could get to the reaction. Without oxygen, a fire cannot exist. The shininess of the metal Mg turned to a dull appearance as it changed to MgO. As the magnesium reacted to the oxygen, it also reacted with the nitrogen in the air to form magnesium nitride, Mg3N2. To expel the nitrogen from the crucible, we added water to the mixture and heated it up. This would cause the Mg3N2, to react with the water, H2O, to form ammonia, NH3, and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. The NH3 was driven off during the heating. One sign of this reaction was the ammonia smell given off. This is because upon heating, the Mg(OH)2 would break into MgO and H2O, which would be driven off by the heat. The second reheating was so that any remnants of the Mg(OH)2 of the crucible had been converted to MgO. This was also to have an accurate final mass of our product MgO. After the lab, the inside of the crucible was black. This is because the magnesium not only reacted with the oxygen and the nitrogen in the air but also with the porcelain of the crucible. The reason for waiting for the crucible to cool before weighing it was because at higher temperatures, the molecules inside are still active, causing the weight to be off. During Trial 2, the magnesium was not properly burned off and caused the calculations to be off. The magnesium looked as if it had stopped glowing, but the inside coil was not completely burned. REFERENCES www.iun.edu www.chemistry.about.com www.universetoday.com/john-daltons-atomic-theory Lab Experiment www.purdue.edu

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION - Essay Example ture is an element in shaping these factors as well as the underlying attitudes about various issues such as work, success, wealth, authority, equity and so on. Language differences: One of the major causes of miscommunication is the use of language. This can happen even if two people speak the same language, because of differences in usage. Frequently, people from different cultures speak different languages. In these cases, communication occurs through a process of translation. Unfortunately, translation often fails to convey the spirit of the communication. In some cases, it changes the meaning altogether, and in others it has unintended connotations. A couple of examples cited by Ekwulugo (94) illustrate the impact of language differences and how they can make communications go haywire. The first concerns General Motors’ popular automobile brand Chevy Nova, a name that is well known and popular in many countries of the world, and associated with an efficient and prestigious car. In Spanish, this name means â€Å"Does not go†, which grossly misrepresents the message that the company wants to convey. Perception: Different people perceive things differently. One of the reasons for this difference in perception is the way people have been conditioned. Perception is the way people process information. Raw data that comes to a person is converted to information because of such processing. Different words and symbols acquire different meanings in different cultures. For example, making a circle with the thumb and index finger means â€Å"okay† in America, signifies money in Japan, and is the equivalent of showing the soles of one’s feet in Thailand. Torn and shabby clothes are a sign of poverty to Indians, while in parts of Europe they signify freedom. It is clear that when an American is trying to say Okay, a person from Thailand will understand it as an offensive gesture (Pickton & Broderick 53) Values and beliefs: Values and beliefs also affect communication

Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Journal opinion article - Essay Example In this interplay of a basic economic concept pertaining to supply and demand, many individuals on a smaller scale are gaining from the benefits of affordable oil. Nevertheless, this might as well be a temporary condition because of its more encompassing implications. The instability of prices for this major commodity caused the creation of the Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to control production and prices. The oil prices seem good on an individual level but this indicates an even bigger economic and political issue that entails the OPEC’s involvement. Yergin states that the decision not to reduce production greatly affects less affluent OPEC members compared to their more financially stable counterparts. Venezuela and Iran are among those countries suffering from the blow of plummeting oil prices. Member nations classified as developed countries are more resilient and have steady reserves to cushion the fall. â€Å"The OPEC members in big trouble are the â€Å"have-nots†Ã¢â‚¬â€those with small financial reserves and high government budgets† (Yergin para.9). Another equally prevailing factor in this issue is the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Notable is the fact that Russia is not a member of the OPEC and yet is the biggest producer of petroleum in the world. Almost majority of its budget comes from its oil revenue and in a country largely reliant on imported consumer goods, this spells trouble. Russia’s falling currency equates to the fact that it has to pay more to get the goods it needs. Together with other sanctions imposed on the country due to the on-going conflict, Russia is experiencing major economic woes (Yergin para.11). On a microeconomic level, the affordable prices of oil mean an increase in the purchasing power of individuals and other enterprises. Fuel at a lower cost means value for consumers felt prominently by vehicle owners who purchase it on a regular basis and manufacturers who use it

Short response 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short response 6 - Essay Example According to Hunt (792), it was during this time that almost every revolutionary group wanted to take leadership reigns of the nation. One such group was the Bolsheviks band led by Lenin, who finally came to power. The revolution was a success because it occurred at the right time when Russia people needed change. This was after the World War when everyone including soldiers as well as civilians were tired of the suffering. According to Hunt (791), the revolution that followed this event in Russia was not just war but ended up being a civil war. This war was for power and domination between the Bolshevik party and the Provisional Government. Daniel (398) notes that the Bolsheviks revolution succeeded against incredible odds because of their disregard for any form of rational calculation previously done. Lenin saw a chance for the Bolshevik party to ascend to power and he took it. Together with other party leaders Lenin risked everything to gather enough force against the provisional government which was not ready to hand over power as it did everything to resist the takeover. Other party leaders including Zinoviev and Kamenev wished for a less radical and organized way of getting power. Lenin was keen to seize power once and for all and that is why he made vehement demands on the Bolshevik party to take the opportunity of the Provisional Government’s weakness and fight it with all their might (Daniels 399). He went ahead and chose Marxists ideologies of communism to govern Russia. According to Daniels (400), many of the decisions that Lenin made were widely influenced and pressured by his lieutenants from Bolshevik party. However, Lenin had his own convictions and as Hunt points out, he had devoted all his life to seeing socialism thrive and that is exactly what he did when he gained power. Lenin much feared for a counter revolution in his party leadership and that is why he accommodated other

The use of statistical operations to reduce the proportion of customer Essay

The use of statistical operations to reduce the proportion of customer complaints in the agency selling cars (x) in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example However, complaints should be minimized by ensuring the clients get quality services which meet their needs. According to DDDDDD, customer complaints should not be minimized by discouraging customers from complaining, rather it should be minimized by addressing the issues that give rise to customer complaints. Typically, such issues are numerous and not all can be eliminated. However, they should be minimized. Additionally, where resources are constrained, it is important to identify the vital issues which need to be prioritized. Saudi Arabian car is unsurprisingly the largest in the Middle East and by far, the most promising. This perhaps explains why manufacturers have placed much investment and hope in this area. In 2013, the car sales hit 570,000 marking a 10% increase from 2012; a trend likely to continue in 2014. The market’s importance was further emphasized in the Saudi International Motor Show in Jeddah highlighting the sharp competition arising from convergence of leading brands and new comers. This places greater emphasis on understanding the reasons behind customer complaints and further sieving into the important reasons which should be accorded greater importance by car sale agents. Understanding customer complaints and the reasons behind the complaints helps the agencies in defining needs of customers and satisfying the needs. The process considered involves the time the client first contacts the agency to seek information about a car to the time of purchase. A typical flow chart for ca r sales process is provided below, The agencies are responsible for facilitating initial contact with would be buyers, taking the buyers through the negotiation process and eventually selling and handing over the car to the buyers. More often, contact is initiated by a client, courtesy of adverts and referrals. The agents the takes the clients through a range of options available and where no desirable options are available, suggests alternative ways of

Philosphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosphy - Essay Example The difference must be made between the case of Osma Bin Laden, and a murder case occasioned by an instant passion. Death Penalty should be abandoned. However, the time for the idea to get realized would be decided by healthy social conditions. Theories of Punishment In its Hammurabi’s sense the retribution stands for letting punishment fit the crime as eye for an eye, or hand for a hand, or life for a life. There is no place in this conception for replacing the consequence of crime with any thing other than the nature of committed crime. For Utilitarians, however, punishment should look for consequences resulting through the incurring of punishment. The Utilitarians put forward Deterrent and Reformative punishment theories. Deterrent means to punish others in order to deter from committing crime. It may be expressed in a dictum of a judge, â€Å"you are not punished for stealing sheep, but in order that sheep may not be stolen (Mackenzie 374).† This theory is oppressiv e in nature and considers human being as a thing. The Reformative theory of punishment emphasizes on changing the structure and thought of human being, compulsory volunteer service and social services are the examples of this theory. Retribution as connection between Punishment and Guilt Retributive theory of punishment aims to make a return of a man’s deed upon his own head. For Mackenzie, the aim of Retribution is to make it apparent that the evil consequences of his acts are not merely evils to others, but evils in which he is himself involved. Retributive theory therefore emphasizes upon facing the similar consequences as that of the committed crime. Being different from the other two theories, and often interpreted in its literal meaning, the important meanings of this theory remain hidden. The aim of retribution is to make connection between punishment and guilt, that is, to develop a sense of guilt regarding the crime. Retribution as expression of Moral outrage There i s an aspect and meaning of retribution that becomes operative in certain situation in order to try to answer the question whether some social phenomenon should be punished because it is violating the moral order of the society? Morality works upon the defined and prevailed conception of human being and the owned world-view, this may include religious position. The retributive theory, understood in its literal sense, may operate to curb the increase of a social phenomenon endangering the social moral order, and thus may operate as a utilitarian principle. For example, the increase of the crime rate in juvenile may trigger an operation against such groups to keep control of social moral order. Popular Instinct Retribution may be seen through the upsurge of popular instinct. In this situation, the need to go deep into the reality, and placing event within discursive world, does not play a role. The popular instincts decide retributively the punishment for the crime. For example, a rape of a female in a village may invoke a popular reaction that results into a strict punishment. In this situation, no other shade of retribution will be looked upon. Purely retributive justification It is difficult to understand the concept pure, as it may mean going back directly to Hammurabi’s literal intention and may mean understanding retribution only in the sense of an eye for an eye and

Justice and the Island of Tagg PowerPoint Presentation

Justice and the Island of Tagg - PowerPoint Presentation Example Unjust laws deny citizens the right to utilize public resources for their own benefit. The council of elders should scrap laws that discriminate on gender in the island of Tagg. Laws that compel the state to make decisions on behalf of the citizens of the island of Tagg should be rejected because they are unjust. Authorities ought to repeal laws that prohibit freedom of expression among citizens of the island of Tagg. Repealing the laws benefits the public by giving them the right to access information. Laws that allow authorities to refute the public the privilege to access vital information are unjust because they create tension and anxiety among members of the public. According to Sandel (2007), a law is unjust based on an individuals’ rational thinking.    Comparison between just and unjust laws   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Walzer, (2006), Laws are constructed social limitations to human behavior. They are devised to ensure order in the society.   Each individual in the island is held responsible for maintaining the laws of the land. Laws can be just or unjust.   In the case of Tugg Island, a just law is the one seen to represent an individuals and the society equitably. It elevates the human personality no matter the race, status or gender.   It is rooted in the moral and religious laws of the people. An unjust law is one that is in disharmony with the moral laws (Sandel, 2007). For a law to be just one must have an understanding of the wrong they did and the punishment or reward should commensurate to the offence. Therefore, any law that lowers the human nature is unjust. Unjust laws relegate people to the status of animals or things. It classifies people

Internet Marketing Essay Example for Free

Internet Marketing Essay This is perhaps the biggest threat gained from the internet as standardised products have become easier to compare throughout online intermediaries like kelkoo(Chaffney 2006) However business have to view it as an opportunity rather than a threat. (Chaffney 2006)states the bargaining power of its suppliers is reduced since there is a wider choice and increased commoditisation due to e-procurement and e-marketplace. Companies can demand that supplier uses â€Å"Internet use of electronic data interchange†(Strauss et al 2006), in order to increase supply chain sufficiency and reduce costs. Substitution is on the increase since digital products can be introduced faster making it a steady threat as consumers have broader choices online. The replacing of online channels mean existing services are now on the net, I. e. online banking. The barriers to entry have declined, enabling new competitors that have previously required a high street presence to trade online, along with foreign competitors. All these factors must be monitored to avoid deterioration of market share. The microenvironment is defined as â€Å"all stakeholder, organizations, and forces external to the organisation†(Strauss,2006) . Social Factors are one of the key trends effecting businesses, to date a vast majority of the population obtain access to the internet, however firms need to take into account when forecasting future demands that groups do not wish to have access and the shortage of demand for online services. Moreover firms need to think how to avoid social exclusion (Chaffney 2006) defined as social exclusion as part of society that is excluded from the facilities available to the remainder and so becomes isolated (Strauss, 2006) Digital inequality matters due to those without access and skills are loosing out on the benefits of the digital world and research shows a clear correlation between social and digital exclusion.

Education System in Pakistan

Education System in Pakistan How important is education for you? Importance of education can be imagined by Nelson Mandelas saying Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. That is the most powerful weapon that can change the world is Education. A nation cannot Progress without improving its education. What comes in your mind when you hear the term Education? It is very difficult to define it. Dewey defines education as a form of  learning  in which knowledge, skills, and  habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research, or simply through auto didacticism (Dewey, John, (1916)) G. K. Chesterson also argues that Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another. And I feel that it is the most appropriate and comprehensive definition because education is the thing which differentiate two people not money, education tells us the difference between two people. An educated person talks differently, he has more sense to his talk than an uneducated person. The behavior of an educated person is totally different from an uneducated person. When you know better you do better (Maya Angelou). In short education defines a human being. What are we without education? Barbarian? We need educat ion to live in this world we cannot survive without education in this rapidly developing and progressing world if we, as Pakistanis, do not get educated we will not survive in this world for long if we need to move with the world we have to move fast and have to get more educated so that we can progress with the world otherwise we will be left behind and like always other people will bully us. So in here I will talk about the education system of our country, Pakistan, its flaws and good aspect of education system of our country. If a country has a commendable education system then that country is destined to prosper. Because education teaches a person the meaning of life it teaches a man how to live in this world. In the modern era, one can say that education is one of the most powerful weapons for a nation to conquer any combat and to be a sovereign state. Education is something which differentiates humans from animals. Every person is born with brains but it is education which shows us how to use it and use it to make our life easier and more luxurious for ourselves. Being an educated person means you have optimal access to your mind regardless of the situation you are in. (Tarry Malik (2012)) Education helps us understand this world and it teaches us how to make it better not only for ourselves but for the whole world. Education has opened all kinds of doors of enlighten to human kind and shows us the path of progress. It builds the whole society. It enlightens the whole society from the darkness of illit eracy to the light of knowledge. It teaches us discipline. And on the other hand a country cannot progress without improving its education system. Education has many forms; we can see different types of education in our surroundings. The most common type we observe is the formal education which is obtained in many ways. Our formal education starts from school the education we get from school is called primary education in primary education we learn very basic things like basics of maths the four operators addition, subtraction ,multiplications and division we only learn the basics of every subject. As said by Henry Fielding Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality. Then comes the secondary education in this level of the education we learn basics of some complex subjects like biology and physics. Then comes the intermediate level or commonly known as inter level here we learn the advance but not that advance study of the science and we also learn arts subjects such as Urdu and English up to the level that we can write or read all kind of things. After that comes to the bachelors Level where we choose a subject and we learn all about that specific subject like B. A. English. In B. A. English we learn all the grammar and literature of English after the bachelors comes the master level in which we have even more specific field of the topic we choose earlier in the bachelors level and we learn all about that in master level. These are some common phases of education which come into our mind suddenly when we hear the word Education and these phases are called formal education. But education is not limited to formal type only; it has a very broad meaning. Apart from this formal type, other is also an informal type of education. Distant learning is one of its parts. Home and society is the most common source of it. Informal education is education which we get from our surrounding and society and from our daily experiences. And we can also get informal education from television and internet too. Informal education is as important as formal education. In Pakistan presently the institution are following two kinds of education systems, one being private sector and the other government sector. These two sectors cater the needs of the general public. Education system of private sector is more than satisfactory as they provide good teaching staff to their students and the syllabus they teach is also satisfactory. They also provide necessary extracurricular activities to their students. But the real problem is with the public or government sectors education as they neither have efficient teaching staff nor they have teachers which are well qualified for the job, and I think that is the biggest problem of them all, then the syllabus and the courses are not up to the mark. There are no extracurricular activities in public sector too. Apart from these differences, there is a contrast in teaching style and teachers behavior. Teachers are friendlier with their students in private institutes. In these institutes, students are able to learn mo re with more comfort. On the other hand this type of behavior is not common in public sector. A report published in the Journal of Human Resources says that School quality was found to have mixed effects on student achievement. However, in keeping with the estimates of school choice reported in this paper, high pupil-teacher ratios were found to have a uniform negative effect on student achievement, with the effect being particularly pronounced on language skills. This is also consistent with the large negative effect of pupil-teacher ratios on probability of selecting government schools. Finally, private schools were found to have better outcomes than government schools. (Harold Aldermana Peter F. Orazemb Elizabeth M. Paternoc (2001)). Due to this large difference between these two sectors, a common man cares about his children and do not allow the children to be admitted in the government sector. By admitting their child in private sector, most of the people are more satisfied about the future of their children. There are some flaws in the education system of Pakistan. We have very few resources to maintain a good structure of our education system. But the good thing is that our government is very committed to take some steps for betterment of education as National Educational Policy says The Ministry of Education has adopted following vision: Our education system must provide quality education to our children and youth to  enable them to realize their individual potential and contribute to development of society  and nation, creating a sense of Pakistani nationhood, the concepts of tolerance, social  justice, democracy, their regional and local culture and history based on the basic ideology  enunciated in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. (Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan (2009)) Our government has not enough budgets for education as we are facing some problems in our financial condition. Government is unable to start new schools, colleges and universities so there is a very few number of government institutes in our country so people have to concern with the private institutes to keep their education going, where they have to face heavy expenditure of education. We cannot blame any government for this flaw because as a state we are facing some serious problems regarding our econo my; we do not have enough assets and in addition to this, terrorism is also damaging the economy. But the good thing is that government is trying to increase its education budget to fulfill the educational expenditure of the country. So after some time we can have improved our number of resources. Also there is a huge unbalance in number of institutes in rural and urban area. There are 163,000 primary schools in Pakistan, of which merely 40,000 cater to girls. Of these, 15,000 are in Punjab Province, 13,000 in Sind, 8,000 in North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and 4,000 in Baluchistan. (Aamir Latif, Alarming situation by Aamir Latif ()) Another problem in our system is untrained teachers, here we have no such mechanism by using which we can train the teachers. Because teacher is the one who builds the whole society. So he must be well aware of his responsibilities so that he can cultivate civilized and educated citizens. By organizing a community which teaches the teachers that how to behave and teach and also what to teach, this problem can be resolved. Outdated course is also one the major problem. Our educational experts must be well aware of what is happening in the world regarding to every field so that they can update curricula according to the need of time. Examination system is also facing some problems; in our system, class teacher is all and all as for as examinations are concerned. Papers are completely from the syllabus which teacher has discussed in the class but after middle, papers are made by the different educational boards regardless of what is being taught in different institutes and the communication gap between teachers, students and the respective board causes doubt in students mind. By compressing the communication gap, this flaw can be root caused. As discussed above, government should take some steps to improve the educational system of our country. For example they can start with the increase in the educational budget so they can attract good teachers and can build more schools, colleges and universities. It is very important to make more universities cause there is a lot of students who cannot afford private institutes for their further studies and need government universities to study further but due to small number of government universities some students are forced to leave there studies and they get a job to support their families. The government really needs to update their course and syllabus because it is now out dated and there are a lot of mistakes in books. One of the most annoying thing that they should improve or correct is examination system because exams taken by the government is not really meant to test the grip or concepts of the student it is rather based on the fact that how well the student memorize each and every word that is written in the book. The checking system is also not good as they do not give marks properly as there are so many complaints every year. The teaching style of the teachers is also not so much good as the teaching style of the teacher should be such that it brings out the true talent of the child but here teachers only read the text written in the books not explaining it properly not having different exercises with it which is not good enough. Apart from flaws there are some very good aspects of our educational system too. The most clear thing is that in spite of lack in resources and new technology, our system is not only working but one can assure that it is progressing and getting successful to educate the people of Pakistan. Which is clear by the figures During 2005-06, literacy rate for all adults of 15 years and above rose to 51.7% 53.5% during 2007-08 and for young adults (aged 15-24 years) to 67% in 2005-06 68% in 2007-08. Both these rates show improvements from their 2001-02 levels, of 43% and 62% respectively. (Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan (2009)) So, as I had said that education is very important for every one we should encourage everyone to obtain it because it helps us live in this world it is the reason that westerns are so far ahead of us in every aspect of life. Until we do not get educated we cannot help our country or show our country the path of development and progress the only way Pakistan can progress is with the help of educated people which we lack a lot. So our government should pay special attention towards the development of the educational system of our country so that we can produce more educated people in Pakistan. It is not only governments responsibility to improve the educational system of Pakistan it is our responsibility too to make the educational system of Pakistan more efficient and more effective.